LockBit is a type of ransomware that has been implicated in more cyberattacks than any other ransomware, making it the most active ransomware in the world. It operates on a Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) model, where affiliates are recruited to conduct ransomware attacks. This model allows for a wide range of tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs), making it a significant challenge for organizations to defend against.
Origin and Evolution
LockBit ransomware was first observed in September 2019. It was initially known as “ABCD” ransomware, named after the file extension it used. Since then, it has evolved significantly, with LockBit 2.0 appearing in 2021 and the current version, LockBit 3.0, being active as of 2024.
Modus Operandi
LockBit ransomware is unique in its ability to self-propagate, meaning it spreads on its own within an organization, unlike many other ransomware attacks that require manual direction. After the attacker has manually infected a single host, it can find other accessible hosts, connect them to infected ones, and share the infection using a script.
LockBit ransomware targets a broad spectrum of organizations, including but not limited to manufacturing, construction, professional services, retail, and the food industry. It has been particularly prolific in attacking organizations of varying sizes across an array of critical sectors including financial services, food and agriculture, education, energy, government and emergency services, healthcare, manufacturing, and transportation.
Impact
LockBit ransomware has had profound impacts on targeted organizations, often leading to data breaches, financial losses, and operational disruptions. The ransomware encrypts data and demands a ransom for its release. If victims do not pay the ransom, the data is threatened to be published on the darknet. However, victims do not get any guarantees that the attackers will follow through or keep any information confidential.
Recovery Against Lockbit Ransomware
Recovering from a LockBit ransomware attack involves several steps, and the process can be complex. Here’s a detailed guide on how to recover from such an attack:
- Isolate the Infected Device: The first step is to isolate the infected device to prevent the ransomware from spreading to other systems in the network.
- Report the Incident: Report the ransomware attack to local authorities. In the US, this would be the local FBI field office and the Internet Crime Complaint Centre (IC3).
- Identify the Ransomware Infection: Check the ransomware that infected your machine by the file extension or the ransom note.
- Remove the Ransomware: Use a trusted antivirus or anti-malware tool to remove the ransomware from your system. Tools like Malwarebytes, HitmanPro, or ESET Online Scanner can be used for this purpose.
- Search for Decryption Tools: Look for a public decryption key. However, as of now, no free decryption tool is available for LockBit 3.0.
- Data Recovery: If you have a backup of your data, restore it after ensuring that your system is free from the ransomware. If you don’t have a backup, you may need to consult with a professional data recovery service.
- Prevent Future Attacks: Implement preventive measures such as using strong passwords, applying multi-factor authentication, keeping software updated, and regularly backing up data.
Please note that paying the ransom is not recommended as it does not guarantee that you will get your data back and it encourages the attackers to continue their illegal activities. Also, remember that removing the ransomware does not decrypt your files.
In some cases, users have reported success in decrypting files infected by LockBit 2.0 using hex editors, but this method requires technical expertise and may not work for all file types.
If you’re unable to recover your data, consider seeking help from professionals who specialize in ransomware removal and data recovery.
Prevention Against Lockbit Ransomware
Preventing a LockBit ransomware attack involves a multi-faceted approach that includes the following techniques:
- Strong Passwords: Implementing strong passwords is a crucial step in preventing ransomware attacks. This reduces the chances of unauthorized access to systems.
- Multi-Factor Authentication: Activating multi-factor authentication adds an extra layer of security, making it more difficult for attackers to gain access to systems.
- Access Controls: Reassess and simplify user account privileges. Limiting the access rights of users can prevent the spread of ransomware if a user account is compromised.
- Network Segmentation: Segmenting networks can prevent the spread of ransomware. This involves dividing the network into separate segments, which can limit an attacker’s ability to move laterally through the network.
- Monitoring and Detection: Identify, detect, and investigate abnormal activity and potential traversal of the network. Early detection of suspicious activity can help prevent a full-blown ransomware attack.
- System Updates and Patches: Ensure that your computers are configured properly, and protected with the latest security patches. Keeping systems updated can prevent exploitation of known vulnerabilities.
- Isolation of Infected Systems: In the event of a LockBit infection, it’s essential to isolate compromised systems to prevent the ransomware from further spreading.
- Backup and Recovery Plan: Having a robust backup and recovery plan in place is crucial. Regular backups can help restore systems and data in the event of a ransomware attack.
Remember, no single technique can guarantee complete protection against ransomware attacks. Therefore, a combination of these techniques is recommended to enhance the security posture of an organization.
LockBit ransomware presents a significant threat to organizations worldwide due to its self-propagating nature, wide range of targets, and severe impacts. It’s crucial for organizations to implement robust cybersecurity measures to prevent attacks and have a recovery plan in place should an attack occur.
Image Source